The Baader-Meinhof Gang Free Essays

The Baader-Meinhof or the Red Army Faction (RAF) was a noticeable aggressor outfit of the ‘German Autumn. ’ A fear time that went on for almost three decades was set apart by the ascent and fall of a few psychological oppressor associations. One of the most feared of these was the Baader-Meinhof Gang. We will compose a custom paper test on The Baader-Meinhof Gang or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Initially framed as a progressive association that would stop German fundamentalist period, the group went off course with its objectives and depended on unlawful exercises. At their pinnacle, they had executed various demonstrations of dread including bank burglary, capturing and murder. They had become so scandalous that the German Government named them as a fear based oppressor association. The starting point of the Baader-Meinhof can be followed back to the late 1960s and mid 1970s when West Germany reeled under a progression of psychological oppressor bombings by radical liberals in Augsburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Munich and at American establishments in Frankfurt and Heidelburg, and bank burglaries and Molotov mixed drink assaults on open workplaces (Christenson 20). Two gatherings asserted obligation regarding the assaults and one of these gatherings was the June second Movement, which alongside the other gathering was later known as the Baader-Meinhof posse (Christenson 20). Two or three the individuals associated with these exercises were Andreas Baader, the man answerable for the development of the group, and his better half Gundrun Ensslin. An unmistakable writer who worked for the Konkret †Ulrike Meinhof †had met the two individuals and defended their deeds, and later joined the pack in the wake of aiding Baader escape from a prison (Christenson 20). Essaywriters 2 The conventional foundation of the RAF or Baader-Meinhof posse was done on 5 June 1970, yet the gang’s psychological oppressor acts grabbed genuine eye just since 1974 (Fulbrook 229). The posse, containing for the most part of individuals who were working class and accomplished, was shaped with the disappointment that had sneaked in to their brains in the wake of seeing their families kick the bucket during the 1940s (Fulbrook 229). This was one of the essential reasons given by the pack, which felt that the government’s valid, harsh face must be brought before the general population. Accordingly, they began assaults on property and furthermore occupied with bank burglaries to finance their exercises (Fulbrook 229). Be that as it may, the genuine danger had started when they had begun to submit murders of mainstream individuals like the financier Jurgen Ponto; General State Prosecutor Buback, who they blamed for causing the passings of psychological militants †Holger Meins, Siegfried Hauser and Ulrike Meinhof; and employers’ pioneer Hanns Martin Schleyer (a high-positioned official in SS) (Fulbrook 229). The most noticeable of their associations was in the Munich Olympics Massacre of 1972 (Reeve 37). The Organization The Baader-Meinhof Gang was framed out of the New Left and Extra Parliamentary Opposition understudy developments that had gigantic help from the German understudies during the 1950s and the 1960s, particularly against the U. S. war in Vietnam (Tucker 95). With the progression of time, further understudy shows occurred and on June 2, a college understudy called Benno Ohnesorg was shot dead by the police, fanning the discharge copying in the students’ hearts (Tucker 96). Andreas Baader energized understudy Essaywriters 3 activists to oust the German Government as it was a piece of the degenerate International framework and was overwhelmed by the United States (Tucker 96). The genuine fear monger bunch was shaped after a left-wing attorney named Horst Mahler proposed the formation of a German urban Guerilla Movement, similar to the Tupamaros in Uruguay, and commitment in more prominent brutality than fire related crime (Tucker 96). Mahler, alongside Baader and Ensslin were the pioneers of this little fear based oppressor gathering. When Baader was captured after the gathering was shaped in 1970, Ensslin approached Meinhof for help and the writer helped him escape (Tucker 96). Dread Activities The fear monger pack began its initial hardly any assaults on images that spoke to the entrepreneur framework and in 1968, after Baader drove left-wing understudy bunch Kommune I was discharged for torching movement, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and two different partners put bombs in two retail chains in Frankfurt am Main (Tucker 96). Andreas and his sweetheart, Ensslin, were captured for the demonstration, yet were later discharged in 1969 (Tucker 96). In the period 1970-1977, the posse focused on various government top-positioned authorities for death. They were effective in this objective when they killed noticeable people like Jurgen Ponto, Prosecutor Buback and Hanns-Martin Schelyer (Fulbrook 229). Schleyer’s body was dumped inside the boot of a vehicle after a commandeer endeavor by the pack was halted by Federal Border Police in Mogadishu (Fulbrook 229). The seize had been wanted to drive the administration to discharge the gang’s top pioneers Baader, Raspin and Ensslin. When Holger Meins, one of the individuals captured in 1972, kicked the bucket Essaywriters 4 of a craving strike, the gathering murdered Judge Gunter Von Drenkkman accordingly (Christenson 21). At the point when police captured numerous supporters of radical fear based oppressor associations regarding this occurrence, the June second gathering seized West Berlin mayoral applicant Peter Lorenz and requested the arrival of five indicted individuals, and in March, another gathering shelled the Paris office of West German distributer Axel Springer requesting the discharge and absolution of Baarden-Meinhof group’s individuals (Christenson 21). In another occurrence in April 1975, six guerillas slaughtered three individuals and took 12 prisoners in the West German Embassy in Stockholm requesting the arrival of the pack and when the administration can't, they executed two representatives and set the government office ablaze (Christenson 21). Fundamental People in the Group Andreas Baader The most noticeable name in the Baader-Meinhof pack is Andreas Baader and the gathering was named after him. Baader was pulled in to the liberal understudy development and he was one of the individuals liable for the bombarding of a Frankfurt retail chain in 1968. He was a criminal even before his contribution in the Baader-Meinhof posse. He was captured for the retail establishment shelling, yet was discharged. He was captured a second time in 1970, when Ulrike Meinhof helped him escape through the library outside his jail. After the departure, he had invested some energy in Jordan in an activist preparing camp. After he came back to Germany, he was associated with many bank thefts and bombarding exercises from 1970-1972. In June 1972, Baader and different individuals Jan-Carl Raspe, Essaywriters 5 Holger Meins and Gudrun Ensslin were captured and they were attempted till 1977. Baader had ended it all in October 1977 inside the jail cell. Ulrike Meinhof Ulrike Meinhof was not a piece of the gathering from the earliest starting point. She was an identifying writer who helped Baader escape from prison. Alongside Baader and other noticeable individuals, she turned into a piece of the Baader-Meinhof group. On May 9, 1976, Ulrike Meinhof was discovered swinging from the roof of her jail cell in Stuttgart-Stammheim. Gudrun Ensslin Although the gathering was somewhat named after Ulrike, the gang’s fundamental female pioneer was Ensslin, who was likewise the sweetheart of Baader. She had taken an interest in numerous understudy dissents during the 1960s. Ensslin had helped Baader in numerous dread exercises. She was likewise discovered dead with Baader and Raspe in the jail cell in 1977. Horst Mahler Horst Mahler was additionally one of the establishing individuals from the Baader-Meinhof posse. He was some time ago a left-wing activist. He was later kicked out of the pack. Jan-Carl Raspe Jan-Carl Raspe was one of the early individuals from the group. He was captured alongside Baader and the rest. He was additionally discovered dead in the jail with others in 1977. Essaywriters 6 The Diffusion of the Group Although the administration accepted that the Baader-Meinhof pack quit working after the passing of its primary chiefs, the gathering kept on working till 1998. The media organization Reuters had gotten a message in 1998 that officially reported that the pack had been broken up. It was the finish of the ‘German Autumn. ’ Essaywriters 7 Works Cited Christenson, Ron. â€Å"Political Trials ever: From Antiquity to the Present† (1991): 20-23 Fulbrook, Mary. â€Å"History of Germany, 1918-2000: The Divided Nation† (2002): p. 229 Reeve, Simon. â€Å"One Day in September† (2000): 37 Tucker, Jonathan. B. â€Å"Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons† (2000): 95-96 Instructions to refer to The Baader-Meinhof Gang, Papers

Hawaii Essay -- Personal Narrative Traveling Vacation Essays

Hawaii I ventured out of the flight door at the Honolulu air terminal, and into a different universe. This world was unusual, yet by one way or another recognizable. There was the Starbucks, and the fatigued voyagers, however to one side were enormous outside display windows. These didn't watch out onto dim asphalt, and raucous Colorado skies, yet into a lavish woods of palm trees and tropical aromas. The dampness of the air clung to my cheeks, and caused my effectively thick hair to appear to be a lot thicker. Yet, the wonder sneaked away, as I battled to discover the baggage carousel. My cherished sweetheart was all the while looking about him with profound respect and the delight of a kid, however I felt hot and was hurrying endlessly to discover my baggage. Down the lift we went, and into the more natural universe of turning gear and upsetting hints of apparatus. I glared pondering where our well known lei welcoming was. All things considered, we had mentioned it, they ought to have been at the door. My head was brimming with dreams of grass-evaded Polynesian ladies grinning and balancing fragrant pieces of jewelry around our shoulders. We looked out persistently for a seat, thinking maybe they would come discover us there. At last, David went looking for the voyaging organization, and I before long followed. Following a couple of moments of pausing, a tanned high school kid returned out of the and analyzed us with exhausted disturbance. Subsequent to clarifying that we had not gotten our leis, he yawned and hurled two of the bloom laurels at us. Here ya go, he stated, and vanished into the entryway from which he came. David and I traded looks, and thought about whether this was a sign. I chose immovably not to let this minor difficulty impede my satisfaction in this excursion. We presently needed to locate the rental vehicle, which included all the more pausing, this time in the blistering sun with other disg... ...re before long loaded with jade and coral, fans and sarongs. David was looking for a high contrast hibiscus shirt, which ended up being very elusive. We at long last discovered one, in the wake of glancing through around twenty apparel shops. Mollified, we came back to the room, and coasted away on the delicate cries of traders and drums. Our last day, we just headed out to see a film. Here we at long last observed genuine local people, wearing ratty shirts and shorts, whining brightly about the warmth. I considered what it resembles to live here, in this serene spot, where even the basic food item laborers are laid back, and quiet. I envisioned myself living in a sea shore front house, having the option to just stroll to that purplish blue water. At the point when our plane removed that night, I squeezed my nose to the glass, and moaned. Notwithstanding my unfortunate deadbeat, and the vertical garage, I realized I'd left piece of my heart there in Hawaii.

Important Facts About Clove Cigarettes

Important Facts About Clove Cigarettes Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Facts About Clove Cigarettes Once-popular smoking alternative poses serious risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Clove cigarettes, also known as kreteks, are often mistakenly thought of as a safe smoking alternative to regular cigarettes, presumed to be more natural and lacking in toxic chemicals. But they are just as problematic as traditional cigarettes. Produced in Indonesia and distributed worldwide, clove cigarettes are typically made of up of approximately 60% to 80% tobacco, and 20% to 40% ground clove buds and clove oil. Sometimes additional spices like cumin, cinnamon, and nutmeg are also added. Usually machine-rolled, clove cigarettes come with or without filters. While kreteks do not contain the thousands of toxic chemicals that traditional cigarettes do, they are far from healthy. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin   Health Risks Studies have shown that clove cigarettes deliver more nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar than regular cigarettes.?? It takes more time and puffs on average to fully smoke a clove cigarette, leading smokers to face up to 20 times the risk of acute lung damage than nonsmokers.??  Clove cigarette smokers who suffer from asthma or a respiratory infection are especially at risk. Clove cigarettes pose  the same risk of nicotine addiction  that conventional cigarettes do, according to research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These cigarettes also contain eugenol, a mild anesthetic that naturally occurs in cloves.?? It is thought that the numbing feature of cloves caused by eugenol allows the kretek smoker to inhale longer and more deeply. (Because of this effect, eugenol is sometimes added to traditional cigarettes to numb the throat against the harshness of tobacco smoke.) This can increase the risk of lung infections, respiratory illness, and allergic reactions in some smokers, especially those with existing lung sensitivities???. Clove cigarette smokers also increase their risk of heart disease and certain cancers, such as cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and liver.?? Aside from this, in large doses, cloves or clove oil can cause a variety of potentially dangerous problems, including: Nausea/vomitingAbdominal painDiarrheaSeizuresRapid breathingRapid heartbeatSleepinessMouth or throat burnsLung injuryBronchospasm The CDC has confirmed 12 cases of non-specific respiratory illness (including  pulmonary edema, capillaries leakage, and decreased blood oxygen) linked to the use of clove cigarettes. Gateway to Tobacco Use Like bidi cigarettes, its not uncommon for clove cigarettes to be a young persons first introduction to tobacco. Between the spiced flavor of cloves and colorful packaging, this type of cigarette is aimed directly at young smokers and is considered a gateway product.?? Clove cigarettes became rather popular in the United States among young people in the early 1980s, particularly in California high schools and universities. The trend peaked in 1984 when imports into the United States, mainly from Indonesia, totaled 150 million cigarettes per year. As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. The trend began to reverse in 1985 as evidence suggested that cloves cigarettes were more harmful than originally imagined. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) took action by prohibiting cigarettes with any flavor other than tobacco or menthol, which implicitly included cigarettes made with clove or clove oil. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 was implemented to deter kids  from getting started with tobacco. Sweet flavors added to cigarettes soften the harsh taste of tobacco smoke, easing new smokers into what often becomes a lifelong struggle with nicotine addiction. In 2020, the FDA specifically cracked down on companies that make and sell fruit and mint-flavored e-cigarettes, which were more appealing to young adults than traditional tobacco or mint varieties. While the FDA also raised the age for buying tobacco products to 21, parents should know that e-cigarette and other tobacco products may still be available online. A Word From Verywell Clove cigarettes are not a safe smoking alternative. Any product that must be lit, burned, and inhaled is hazardous to delicate lung tissue and other organs in our bodies, and one that contains tobacco is even more hazardous. There is no such thing as a safe cigarette. If you are already smoking clove cigarettesâ€"or any other type of cigaretteâ€"there are steps you can take to quit the habit and live a healthier life. Are Clove Cigarettes a Healthy Way to Smoke?

propecia case - 1175 Words

PROPECIA: Helping Make Hair Loss History 1. Define Propecia’s potential customer base. What is Propecia competing against in the consumer’s mind? What can be learned from Rogaine’s experience in the marketplace? Propecia is a drug against hair loss, effective both on stopping and reversing the Male Pattern Hair Loss. According to Tom Casola, the brand manager of Propecia, the potential customer base is at least half of the male population, as MPHL occured in 30-40 million American men, which is around 50% od Caucasian men under the age of 50, with the lifetime incidence to reach 100%. But when compared to others race and nationalities. Neither black men, Japanese men nor Chinese men were as likely to develop MPHL as†¦show more content†¦Third option of reminder ads, which do not seem to be the best strategy at any other given time, as mentioned by Casola, there is no point in having an ad that creates brand awareness where you cannot even tell that the product is an hair loss product, at this time it seems like the soundest road to take. There is a risk that the brand awareness would be empty inside, but along with working with doctors, mostly dematologists who would be more eager to prescribe Propecia, and urging people to see a dermatologists in the ads, would be the best of the options. This way, making the problem a health issue, which should be handled through a dematologists would create some sort of barriers for the on-the-counter competition especially the new Rogaine to come. 4. What role does a physician play in this context? How much detailing effort is necessary? Pysicians are primarly the customers of prescribed drugs, as they are the ones prescribing the drugs to the patients, the realt consumers. In order for the making the pysicians to prescribe the intended drugs, pharmaceutical companies have sales representatives, whoShow MoreRelatedHelping Make Hair Loss History1530 Words   |  7 PagesStatement of the Problem Merck needs to develop a marketing strategy to launch its new hair loss product, Propecia ®. The strategy should determine the target segment, product positioning, and the most effective marketing mix. Issues and Analysis The Food and Drug Administration s restrictions on direct to consumer (DTC) advertising restricts content and type of advertising. The FDA allows only three types of advertising for prescription drugs: brand name, indication or both. A key decisionRead MorePropecia - Helping Make Hair Loss History1019 Words   |  5 PagesCase Overview: November 1997, Tom Casola, PROPECIA brand manager for Merck planned to launch with regulatory changes by the FDA in two months (likely launch Date: January 1998) PROPECIA (Expected FDA approval December 1997) represented a major breakthrough in the treatment of Male Patter Hair Loss (MPHL) â€Å"balding†. Merk’s 1st consumer-driven product (prescription needed) Direct-to-Consumer Ads key to building demand PROPECIA (Finasteride) originally developed for treating enlarged prostatesRead MorePropecia - Helping Make Hair Loss History1009 Words   |  5 PagesCase Overview: November 1997, Tom Casola, PROPECIA brand manager for Merck planned to launch with regulatory changes by the FDA in two months (likely launch Date: January 1998) PROPECIA (Expected FDA approval December 1997) represented a major breakthrough in the treatment of Male Patter Hair Loss (MPHL) â€Å"balding†. Merk’s 1st consumer-driven product (prescription needed) Direct-to-Consumer Ads key to building demand PROPECIA (Finasteride) originally developed for treating enlarged prostates atRead MoreSolutions to Hair Loss in Men and Women Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesmore effective for women than men. It is also the only FDA approved treatment for hair loss for women. The second treatment is called Propecia. Propecia is an oral medication that became FDA approved in 1997 for the treatment of male pattern baldness. It is the first drug in history to effectively treat androgenetic alopecia in the majority of men who use it. Propecia is effective because when taken daily it lowers the levels of dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone shrinks the hair follicle causingRead MoreTechnology and Ethics4882 Words   |  20 Pagesviable treatments for cancer and AIDS, we have scientists who are at the mercy of huge biotech and pharmaceutical companies. Weve got scientists developing The New Pill That Can End Aging (Readers Digest, November 2003) along with Viagra and Propecia, pills for impotent and balding men. Do we see a little misdirection of effort? Yes. Aging, impotence, and hair loss are not threatening an entire population with imminent death, like the AIDS epidemic in Africa. Aging and impotence have not strickenRead MoreHow to Fight a Price War5490 Words   |  22 Pageshehavior lets some companies charge higher prices on the Weh hecause of the anonymity that on-line transactions offer. In a recentstudyof 46 e-tailers of prescription drugs, the two most popular items (Viagra, a medication for erectile dysfunction, and Propecia, a medication to treat male pattern baldness) were priced roughly io7o higher than in drug stores. For obvious reasons, people prefer to have those prescriptions filled without personal contact and are willing to pay a premium for a faceless transactionRead MoreMerck Case18783 Words   |  76 PagesIntroduction: Objective of this Study This case study of Merck was completed under a three year research grant from the Sloan Foundation. The pro ject s purpose is to examine in a series of case studies how U.S. and Japanese firms who are recognized leaders in using information technology to achieve long-term sustainable advantage have organized and managed this process. While each case is complete in itself, each is part of this larger study.1 This pharmaceutical industry case together with other cases2 supportRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pages1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hartley, Robert F., 1927Marketing mistakes and successes/Robert F. Hartley. —11th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-16981-0 (pbk.) 1. Marketing—United States—Case studies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes

Philosophical Models The Great Filter Theory - 708 Words

In many ways, although humanity has evolved technologically, many of the basic questions we have about ourselves and our place in the universe remain similar to those asked in the Ancient World. We remain caught, as Simone Weill notes, between the universality of justice and the personal intimacy of love which continues to wreak havoc with our ability to reconcile many of the issues we continue to face in the late 20th and early 21st century. Try as we might, it is quite difficult to understand that the 20th century brought some of the greatest examples of human dignity and expression of good, contrasted with the banality of evil. Playing off the ideas of Freud, we can turn to Victor Frankl to explore the theme of conscious while we look at modern issues of terrorism, ecological crisis, and globalism. Certainly, looking at the compassionate nature of Simone Weill and the significance of humanity requiring a belief system posited by Kierkegaard and Becker, we might ask ourselves how h umans, if innately good, have such abilities to express positive love and yet approach the destruction of humankind. Indeed, the 20th century, for the first time in history, brought the very real nature of humanity to the brink of destruction of the entire species. It seems that we have a dualism at work, the individual and the good we can do as secular saints at the micro level, and the kind of change that people such as Mother Theresa and Martin Luther King, Jr. brought about at theShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Adult Education1318 Words   |  6 Pagestaught to children and different content for adults. My impression of adult education has changed immensely. First and foremost, the first lesson learned that teaching adults are a separate, intensive, and long debated process. Portions of certain theories learned illustrated below. I have extended knowledge about Meizrow (Transformational Learning) and Knowles (Andragogy). The six key features of Adult Learners are: (1) Self/directed learning, (2) Utilizes knowledge and life experiences, (3) GoalRead MoreThe Generation Of Young Professionals1375 Words   |  6 Pageswe are more informed, yet less relational. High exposure to instantaneous information from ever increasing internet access and the shrinking of our world due to explosive growth of social media has resulted in a society that is connected, but at a great distance and on a level that is minimally personal. Additionally, education has conformed to this idea of centralizing information, as we see that from the SAT to the AMFTRB, millennials have been subjected to curriculum that is centered around standardizedRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4920 Words   |  20 Pagesissue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theory, cases, author’s opinion and values and tries to provide an objective viewpoint from two perspectives: advertising and users/non-users of cigarettes, and advertising andRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4909 Words   |  20 Pagesissue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The a nalysis part combines theory, cases, author’s opinion and values and tries to provide an objective viewpoint from two perspectives: advertising and users/non-users of cigarettes, and advertising andRead MoreCognitive psychology  . Essay5542 Words   |  23 Pages1928; Chomsky, 1959). These issue led to the decline of behaviorism as the dominant branch of scientific psychology and to the â€Å"Cognitive Revolution†. The Cognitive Revolution began in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of  mind  based on complex representations and computational procedures (Miller, 1956; Broadbent, 1958; Chomsky, 1959; Newell, Shaw, amp; Simon, 1958). Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s (Tulving, 1962; Sperling, 1960). Its resurgenceRead MoreThe Sociology of Love, Courtship, and Dating4568 Words   |  131 Pagesto agree on a uniform definition, although there are several competing but complementary typologies that attempt to pin down those emotional and behavioral states that add up to romantic â€Å"love.† Love scholarship can be roughly divided into two philosophical camps: (1) that which argues love must have certain components to be genuine, for instance, to differentiate it from mere liking or lust, and (2) that which suggests that love is a publicly informed but privately experienced state that is whateverRead More Exploring Research Metho dologies: Positivism and Interpretivism2119 Words   |  9 Pages Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding’, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposesRead MoreExploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism2143 Words   |  9 PagesExploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposesRead MoreTherapeutic Styles of Counselling4870 Words   |  20 Pagesthat one becomes able to choose and/or organize one’s own existence in a meaningful manner (Jacobs, 1992; Yontef, 1982, 1983). An awareness of the relational field is a way of understanding how one’s context influences one’s experience. Gestalt theory suggests that people define themselves by how they experience themselves in their field in relation to others. Yontef Jacobs (2008, p. 340) argue that this is an identity boundary that needs to be permeable enough to allow for connection to othersRead MoreCMNS 304 Notes Essay5778 Words   |  24 Pagesreference (what allows it to be unchanged? It is the speed of light; a universal concept) Gadamer (How we interact with texts) Framing and filtering, our mind is trained to filter through junk. How do we filter? Men = content, Women = context focused No one comes to understand without some prejudices The things we filter in and out is what Gadamer calls the â€Å"Horizon† How can I place myself in that persons Horizon Responding through content, process and affect (Carl Rogers) Paradigm Change

Procter and Gamble Free Essays

Environmental Factors that affect Global and Domestic Marketing Decisions:- Every company global or domestic has external factors that exist that eventually have an effect on the company’s operations. Some of these external factors can be controlled but a larger portion is uncontrollable and yet they can be managed and or influenced by the company. These specific factors make up the marketing environment in which a company has environmental factors that influence the company’s decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Procter and Gamble or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, the author will explore the domestic and global environmental factors that could have an impact on FedEx’s marketing decision. The five environmental factors that the author will be discussing are social, economical, technological, competitive, and regulatory. Political Influence and Litigation from Responsible Shopper: â€Å"Procter Gamble donated more than $80,000 to the Coalition Again$t the Costly Labeling Law, a group of companies that worked against Oregon’s Measure 27, which would have required the labeling of GMO products sold in that state. The Coalition was successful in defeating the measure. † from Greenpeace: â€Å"Procter Gamble was among the corporations criticized by Greenpeace for working to weaken European laws governing harmful chemicals in household products. The EU’s 2003 draft legislation would have imposed strict safety standards, requiring companies such as P to disclose and reduce the use of harmful ingredients in its consumer products. Greenpeace states that as a result of industry intimidation and intense lobbying, safety regulations were significantly watered down, putting citizens at greater risk of exposure to toxic chemicals from everyday products. † Guided by our Purpose, Values and Principles, PG participates in the political process to help shape public policy and legislation that helps us touch more lives, in more parts of the world, more completely. This engagement ensures that the interests of our employees, consumers and shareholders are fairly represented at all levels of government around the world. We are committed to being transparent about our political involvement globally. Technology Technology has created a major impact on the way in which all organizations market their products and services. With the development of the internet, companies are now able to economically market themselves on a global level. Even smaller companies that were once not able to capture international business due to the cost factor can now do just that. The Washington Plaza Hotel is no exception. The hotel industry in DC relies heavily on tourism as a major part of its client base. Many of these tourists who visit the city are of foreign nationality. It is important that the Washington Plaza Hotel targets these people when marketing the company. Not only do they target the tourist but they also target the international business travelers that come to the city on business related trips. The hotel’s website, which gives detailed information about the hotel’s accommodations and services, can be accessed by potential customers all over the world. In addition, the Air freshener – Febreze Deodorant – Old Spice, Secret Baby child – Clearblue Easy, Dreft, Luvs, Pampers, UnderJams Batteries – Duracell Soap – Camay, Ivory, Noxzema, Olay, Safeguard, Zest Cosmetics – CoverGirl, Max Factor Dish washing – Cascade, Dawn, Joy Feminine – Always, Tampax Hair – Aussie, Frederic Fekkai, Head Shoulders, Herbal Essences, Infusium 23, Pantene, Clairol Health – Align, Braun, Fibersure, Metamucil, Pepto-Bismol, Prilosec OTC, PUR water filtration, Vicks Household cleaning – Mr. Clean, Swiffer Laundry – Bounce sheets, Cheer, Downy, Era, Gain, Tide Oral – Crest, Fixodent, Gleem, Glide, Scope Paper – Bounty, Charmin toilet tissue, Puffs Pet food – Eukanuba, Iams Fragrances – Anna Sui, Baldessarini, Hugo Boss, Christina Aguilera, Escada, Giorgio Beverly Hills, Jean Patou, Lacoste, Mexx, Puma, Replay, Rochas, Tom Tailor Shaving – Braun, Gillette, SatinCare, Venus Pringles potato chips[1] [pic][pic][pic] How to cite Procter and Gamble, Essay examples

Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Essay Example

Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Paper There are two ways that we could have consumed copper sulphate. Water pipes are responsible for transporting water, and some of them are made out of copper. Copper pipes can become rusted if there is high sulphate content in the water, basic copper sulphate is precipitated which can grow through the pipe wall creating pit holes [1]. Copper sulphate is also used in some places to treat sewer lines, tree roots are constantly looking for water and organic sources and sewer lines are the perfect site for them. Tree roots will penetrate and damage the pipes which will is expensive to repair. Copper sulfate kills tree roots without killing the tree or other plants [2], therefore copper sulphate is poured into these pipes to kill the tree roots. This way there is a small chance that copper sulphate will leak into the pipes that are used for drinking. Copper sulphate can do a lot of harm to the human body, but very little has been discussed on the effect of copper sulphate on amylase, which is an enzyme that is present in human saliva and in the small intestines, therefore I want to perform an experiment to find out how the concentration of copper sulphate will affect the action of amylase. Copper sulphate We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Copper sulphate has the formula CuSO4 and is commonly used to control fungus diseases [17], both in agriculture and medicine. According to the Turkish Journal of Zoology (source 16), copper sulphate can inhibit the activity of amylase by 5%. Enzymes- Alpha Amylase Enzymes are biological catalyst, and a catalyst is substance which speeds ups a chemical reaction but remains unchanged itself at the end. [71] Enzymes are biological catalyst because they are globular protein molecules that are made by living cells to speed up reactions inside a living organism. There are three levels of structure of enzyme; the primary, secondary and tertiary structure. The primary structure is the order and type of amino acids that made up the chains. The secondary structure is the folding of the chains into either beta sheets or helix. The tertiary structure is the overall folding of the chains into a three dimensional, globular shape with an active site of a specific shape. Amylase is an enzyme made in the salivary gland and pancreas in the human body. They are used to break down carbohydrates, in other words starch are broken down to sugar or glucose [8]. Enzymes are sensitive to its environment, changes to the pH and temperature will affect the structure and function of enzyme, and therefore these factors have to be kept the same during the experiment. How does an enzyme work? Being a biological catalyst, enzymes work by providing an alternative pathway that has a lower activation enthalpy for reaction to take place therefore speeding up reactions without changing any other factors such as temperature and concentration. Many reactions in the body will not happen at all because the activation enthalpy is too high to reach, therefore the presence of enzymes are vital in every organisms for reactions to take place and to stay alive. The first proposed theory of how the enzyme work is called the lock and key hypothesis, where the substrate is imagined being like a key whose shape is complementary to the enzyme or lock. [72] The substrate will fit into the active site of the enzyme and will form an enzyme-substrate complex. Once this complex is formed, bonds within the substrate will be affected by the bonds in the enzyme; bonds will break and reform, ultimately forming products. The products will then leave the active site of the enzyme, leaving the enzyme free again to accept another substrate. The diagram below shows how the enzyme works. A diagram showing how enzyme works Induced fit hypothesis However this is not completely true, by using technique such as X-ray crystallography and computer assisted modeling [73], we can say that the active site is actually not a perfect fit to the substrate. So when the substrate approach the active site, either the shape of the substrate or the shape of active site will change slightly so they can fit precisely together. In addition, the active site could be modified as substrate interacts with the enzyme. The amino acids which make up the active site are moulded into precise shape which enables the enzyme to perform its catalytic function effectively [74]. The diagram below illustrates the induced fit theory, the shape is different when there is no substrate bonded to it and when there is substrate bonded to it. A diagram showing the induced fit theory Enzyme inhibition There are molecules that exist which act as enzyme inhibitors. They will disrupt the normal function of the enzyme, preventing it from working so the rate of reaction will decrease, or no reaction at all. There are two forms of inhibitions; competitive and non-competitive inhibitions. Competitive inhibition Competitive inhibitors will compete with the substrates for the active sites of the enzyme. This occur when a structure which is sufficiently similar to that of the normal substrate to be able to fit into the active site [75]. As the active site is occupied by the inhibitor, the substrate cannot bind to the active site to get catalysed, so rate of reaction is decreased. However, a competitive inhibition is usually reversible if sufficient substrate molecules are available to ultimately displace the inhibitor [12]. Non-competitive reversible inhibition The inhibitor has not got a complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme; it will bind to other parts of the enzyme instead. The binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme will have no effect on the ability of the substrate to bind to the enzyme, but it makes it impossible for catalysis to take place [76]. Unlike the competitive inhibitor, the rate of reaction will not be affected by the concentration of substrate. Non-competitive irreversible inhibition This type of inhibitor is non-competitive because it has not got a complementary shape that can fit into the active site of enzyme, so will not compete with the substrate for the active site, and the inhibition is irreversible. Heavy metal ions are typical of this type of inhibitors. They will combine permanently to the sulphydryl (-SH) groups. This could be in the active site or elsewhere [13] of the enzyme. The metal ions replace the hydrogen in -SH to form -SX. This will alter the structure and active site of the enzyme permanently, therefore enzymes can no longer catalyse the break down of starch. The diagram above shows the how heavy metal ion, in this case silver, will substitute hydrogen to form -SAg bond. This will alter the shape of active site so the substrate can no longer fit into it to get catalysed. As mentioned above, heavy metal ions are typical of this type of inhibition; copper is a heavy metal ion, so if copper sulphate does inhibit the action of amylase, I can conclude that copper sulphate is a non-competitive irreversible inhibitor. The collision theory The collision theory explains how reactions occur. Two particles can only react together if they come into contact with each other. They first have to collide, and then they may react [21]. They may react because colliding particles need to satisfy two requirements to cause a successful collision or reaction. The orientation of collision When two particles collide together, they need to have the right orientation when they come into contact for them to react. The diagram below illustrates this. There are four different orientations of collisions with enough energy for a successful collision to happen. However only collision 1 results in a successful collision, this is because it has the right orientation to collide with the bond which results in a successful collision, the particles in the other three collisions will simply bounce off each other [21]. Energy of collision The second requirement for a reaction to take place is that particles must collide with a certain minimum energy, called the activation energy [21]. Without sufficient energy, the two particles will simply bounce off each other after they collide. The activation enthalpy of a reaction is shown below. Starch and iodine solution This is a test for the presence of starch in a solution. When iodine solution is added to a solution contatining starch, a blue black colour will form. This is because the amylose, or straight chain portion of starch, forms helices where iodine molecules assemble, forming a dark blue/black color. [15] This means that when starch is being broken down by the amylase, the amylose will start break down too into smaller units, therefore losing the helics shape around the iodine molecules, the blue-black colour will then start to disappear. I can exploit this characteristic in my experiment to dertermine the end point. Using a colorimeter to monitor the light absorbance, I can determine the rate of reaction as it is the same as how quickly the solution decolourises.